Monday, December 23, 2019

Myers Briggs Type Indicator Of Personality - 2295 Words

Myers Briggs Type Indicator Personality is a challenging trait to measure and many personality tests do not stand the test of time once they are applied and researched. Why then, do we find it important to measure personality? Isabel Briggs Myers once said â€Å"It is up to each person to recognize his or her true preferences.† I find this statement to be true in theory and in practice. In today’s social media, one of the most common online quizzes or assessments I come across, is personality test. There appears to be countless ways to find out one’s personality type, but many have not been proven true or accurate. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, also known as the MBTI and it is a well-known and established, personality inventory. It is a way to do, as Isabel Briggs-Myers said, to find and know your own preferences. The MBTI is based on Carl Jung theories of personality types and commonly used today. It was developed by the mother-daughter team of Katharine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers in order to assess personality types. The MBTI was published in 1975 by the Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc. (The Myers Briggs Foundation - Isabel Briggs Myers 2014). Test Description The MBIT was meant to coincide with Jung’s four dichotomies which Katharine Briggs and Isabel Myers followed. After a great deal of research, they came up with a â€Å"self-report instrument with questions on four separate dichotomies† (Myers, Creation of the MBTI ® Types, 2011). Much like Jung, their questionsShow MoreRelatedThe Myers Briggs Personality Type Indicator1700 Words   |  7 Pagesand insightful exercise we have done throughout this course has been the Myers Briggs Personality Type Indicator (MBTI). MBTI has helped me better understand who I am as a person and what strengths and weaknesses I have based on my results. It is crucial for success in college and beyond that I match my major and career to who I am as person. The results for the exercise gave me an ENTJ personality. The ENTJ personality type encompasses a person, who is outgoing, a visionary, argumentative, has aRead MoreMyers Briggs Type Indicator Is A Personality Inventory1352 Words   |   6 PagesMyers-Briggs Type Indicator in Business Introduction I chose the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator topic for my paper because I find it interesting. I have taken the actual Myers-Briggs Test through the career-counseling center on campus, and it gave me a bit of direction in my life. However, I thought it would be more useful to discover the background on it and see how it functions within business. I think using an inventory can tell people a great deal about themselves. Similar to the collectionRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti ) Are Both Personality Assessments Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birkman Method and The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) are both personality assessments. The Birkman Method is based on the theories of Dr. Roger W. Birkman and the work of Dr. Roy B. Mefferd, Jr. and Dr. Timothy G. Sadler. The MBTI is based on the theories of Dr. Carl Gustav Jung and the work of Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. Both are non-clinical assessments. The working manuals for both assessments have rec ognized and documented, content, construct, criterion-related validitiesRead MoreThe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is probably the most accepted personality assessment used today.800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is probably the most accepted personality assessment used today. It is used by many leading companies including Apple and General Electric. (Carr 2000, pg 29) This test was first developed by the mother/daughter team of Katherine Briggs and Isabel Myers-Briggs whom expanded on Jung’s philosophy. They added a fourth category, which describes how people relate to their environment. This third pair is judgment (J) and perception (P). Judgers are people who evaluateRead MoreMyers Brigg Type Indicator, And The Four Dimensions Of Personality Types1539 Words   |  7 PagesMyers-Brigg Type Indicator The Myers-Brigg Assessment, and the four dimensions of personality types based on the findings of Carl Jung, Isabel Myers and Katharine Briggs, indicates Katie as an ISFJ (intuitive, sensing, feeling, and judging). People falling into this category are often known as nurturers. Additionally, individuals of this personality type tend to be practical, and sensitive towards other’s feelings. These traits make the ISFJ personality ideal for careers such as counselingRead MorePersonality Testing : The Big Five Model And Myers Briggs Type Indicator1767 Words   |  8 Pages Personality is defined as consistent behaviour patterns and intrapersonal processes that come from an individual themselves (Burger 2014).In other words, who we are as a person. Personality factors can be attractive to particular parts of the employment industry for example; being neat and tidy or loud and creative could be an attractive factor to the employer. There is an ongoing debate throughou t society on whether Personality tests are a good indicator of employment strategies and whether theyRead MoreGender Correlation Of The Myers Briggs Type Indicator1531 Words   |  7 PagesRegards to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Mary E. Pyper Aquinas College Abstract One hundred seventy-eight anonymous participants (120 females, 48 males, and 10 non-specified genders) between the ages of 18 and 26 participated in a fifteen question survey regarding how portions of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) relate to age and gender. The participants were selected by convenience sampling. Using questions designed to determine two aspects of each subject’s personality type—whether theyRead More Different Learning Styles: Exploring the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator1600 Words   |  7 PagesExploring the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Thesis: Students on a secondary level of education will learn more effectively if their MBTI have been assessed and accommodated to. All students process information differently. These differences can be explained using the Myers-Briggs type indicator. Students on a secondary level of education will learn more effectively if their MBTI have been assessed and accommodated to. The Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) is a type of personality test toRead MorePersonality Type Assessment1336 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality Type Assessment (Week-2 Individual Assignment) CMGT/530 - IT Organizational Behavior July 1, 2012 Personality Type Assessment The first section of this paper details the elements that a personality type assessment typically measures. The second section contains discussion on the personality type assessment of the author of this paper. In the third and last section, the author shares how his personal assessment outcomes could affect his workRead MoreMyers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti )1335 Words   |  6 PagesMyers-Briggs Type Indicator The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is used to identify an individual’s psychological characteristics the personality. This assessment coincides with Carl G. Jung’s theory that objectives and drives of a person ascribes to the individuals course in life (Schustack, 2012). Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Briggs developed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator by concentrating on the principles of Jung’s theory. According to the Myers Briggs Foundation, Jung’s theory is

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Free Business Plan Restaurant Free Essays

string(52) " local catering company can provide these services\." 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The following document is a plan of my intended business: Enilson’s Cafe, a coffee shop situated in Ealing Broadway. The intended premise is a 65 square foot commercial property situated on the high street. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Business Plan: Restaurant or any similar topic only for you Order Now The premise would be designed in a coffee shop format, with a counter serving various items, and a large section where customers could come in during opening hours and feel comfortable. The major products sold would be coffee, tea, cappuccino, a variety of cakes, snacks and sandwiches, and food sold during lunch hours 12pm – 4pm. Product ingredients would be sourced from wholesale suppliers such as Makro, equipments that are required would be sourced from Comet and Cafe suppliers, while food ingredients would be sourced from food suppliers and outsourced Chefs. Ealing, the location within which this coffee shop is intended is a culturally and religiously diverse neighbourhood, with a majority (55%) being of ethnic minorities. Therefore the major target market would be the general population of commuters, workers and people living within the neighbourhood, who would like widely desirable, yet religiously conscious meals. The coffee market is growing, and everyone eats good food, thereby signifying a need for our services. However, our main competitors such as Starbucks and local cafes operate in close vicinity. The pricing strategy utilised for this venture would be that of value based pricing. Competition, cost-plus and market oriented pricing would be adopted for the different products we have on offer. Several promotion strategies would also be adopted to promote the business. The business would be registered as a Sole Trader, with the owner, being the manager. Supervisors and Shop Assistants would also be hired. The start-up cost required for the business is ?79,869, and in the first year, the cafe expects to make annual sales of ?204,480, gross profit of ?123,739 and net profit of ?13,099. Breakeven period is in the 9th month of the first year. The Cafe’s mission is to join the Ealing community, provide appropriate products that suite their tastes and deliver exceptional service. It is our objective to use this initial store as a stepping-stone towards higher sales and more store openings in neighbouring areas and throughout London. We intend to become a multinational organisation just like Starbucks in 5 – 10 years, and we hope that you can join us in that dream. 2.COMPANY SUMMARY This following document is a business plan report for a coffee shop start-up called Enilson’s Cafe. It would be located on the corner of The Broadway, West Ealing, London. The business premises would be leased from the current owners, and a total of 130 square feet would be secured up front, however, with the permission of the Landlord, only half of that space (65 square feet) would be utilised in the first year, pending business growth. The business premises is currently being refurbished by the previous owners, however once done, it would be situated in a strategic location within the neighbourhood, with easy access to public transportation and a short distance from the train station. The premises would be designed to suite the coffee shop format, a counter would be situated adjacent to the main entrance, wherein customers can easily place their orders, whilst chairs and tables arranged in various seating formats, would be situated over the rest of the shop. The facilities that would be present within the store for it to run smoothly are expressed in Table 3, which also contains a breakdown of the price and the total start-up costs. No licenses whatsoever would be required from the local committee, as the cafe would not be selling alcohol or opening beyond 11pm at night. However, information pack and booklets would be sought form the Healthy and Safety Standards agency within Ealing. The business is required by law to register premises used for food businesses, and strictly follows food safety regulations (Ealing, 2010). A licensed premises insurance cover would be taken out from Anglo Pacific Consultants (London) Ltd, which offers â€Å"package policy for public houses, wine bars, restaurants and cafe’s,† the insurance package covers all business risks including terrorism cover, personal accidents, and theft (Yesquote, 2010). The business would be registered as a Sole Trader business, with me, Enilson Helder, being the sole owner of the business. All income from the business would be recorded as personal income, and I would be liable for any debts incurred. All profits would be taxed as income. 3.PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Enilson’s Cafe would adopt a Coffee Shop format, in which the major product being sold would be a variety of coffee types, while additional products would also be sold. Coffee, Tea, Coffee Latte, Tea Latte, Cappuccino, amongst others would constitute the majority of our offering. Carbonated and no-calorie soft drinks would also be sold. A variety of cake, muffins, sandwiches, crisps, and chocolates amongst others would be sold within the cafe. During lunch periods, particularly between 12pm – 4pm, food menus would exists, cooked particularly by an outsourced chef, who would sell Rice, Chips, Chicken, Mashed Potato, Gravy amongst other lunch time meals. Suppliers: The refrigerator, coffee machines, microwave, dishwasher, and all other smaller but vital electronic equipments would be sourced from Comet (www.comet.co.uk), where a business membership account would be created. All other catering equipments such as plates, spoons, trays, would be sourced from Makro (www.makro.co.uk), that sell a variety of wholesale food items for small businesses. Food ingredients such as coffee beans, flour and sugar for in house baking or feed preparation would also be sourced from the superstore, as they offer a reasonable discount for small and medium business owners. Sandwiches would be sourced from Gourmet Sandwich Co (www.gourmetsandwich.co.uk); they provide wholesale sandwiches on a day-to-day basis for small businesses, while the cakes would be sourced from similar external suppliers. The lunch menu would be sourced by hiring an external chefs who cook on their premises and bring in the food during lunch hour, companies such as Sundrica (www.sundrica.rtrk.co.uk), a local catering company can provide these services. You read "Free Business Plan: Restaurant" in category "Essay examples" The services provided would be a hospitality service, wherein customers can come in, have a drink, eat lunch or a snack, and just relax. Sofas, in addition to wooden chairs, would be provided for customers that would like to have a seat with friends, and forget their time within the store. The music would be of several genres, but would mostly alternate between popular Pop/Alternative and Hip Hop music. Staff would be friendly and helpful. There are a number of direct competitors within close vicinity to the intended location. Subway is directly opposite and a Roosters Chicken is close by (Google Maps, 2010), both of which could prove a threat for lunchtime meals. However, unlike these competitors, Enilson’s Cafe provides seating space and lunchtime food. They also sell Coffee and Tea, in addition to soft drinks. 4.MARKET ANALYSIS The Ealing borough is currently home to over 300,000 individuals, with 12,800 residing in close vicinity of the store. The population of individuals aged 20 – 44, are higher than the UK average. The region has one of the highest levels of international migration within London, and is the 4th most ethnically diverse, and 6th most religiously diverse borough within the UK, which in itself is a major attractant. 55% of all Ealing borough residents are from ethical minorities, 41% of which were not white (Ealing, 2010). Therefore the different market segments that exist are based mainly on ethnicity, which is a major dividing factor within the population. The major target market segment is for the general population of commuters working or living around the store. The location is currently on a road in which several buses pass, and houses are located. People living and working within this region, no matter their ethnicity or nationality would be sought as potential customers. We intend to sell a wide vary of ethnically acceptable food for all residents. Meat and Chicken would be halal, but sold in a contemporary and modern fashion. Meals such as Chips, Chicken, and Mashed Potato would be suitable for everyone, and the Muslim population would appreciate the religious considerations. According to Mintel (2009), coffee shops are always sought after, and due to the scarcity of one in immediate vicinity to the proposed location, then it could be said that there is a need for one. The food products being sold are fresh, which would appeal to people that want to eat good food. The coffee market has grown consistently over the years, with large stores such as Starbucks, Costa, and Pret A Manger, breaking the ?1billion mark in 2007 (Mintel, 2009). There is room for growth within the UK, as the store density of coffee shops is lesser than that of developed countries such as the US, while the UK still has a low level of coffee consumption compared to other developed countries. Direct competition is low within the Cafe’s close vicinity, however the shopping mall opposite however contains a Starbucks and several other Cafes, which pose a considerable threat. Stores such as Starbucks, Costa, Cafe Nero, Pret A Manger, EAT, and several other established coffee and cafe chains pose a considerable threat, due to their long established status, and the financial resources at their disposal to displace competition. 5.STRATEGY The pricing strategy being adopted by the cafe would be based on the overall strategy of the firm, which is to target low – mid income earners (population demographic), with easily affordable coffee and lunch. Therefore, our products would not be priced too high that it would deter customers; neither would be priced too low that it would be unprofitable. Due to the broad based generic product strategy we are adopting (Johnson et al, 2008), we would be adopting a value based pricing strategy, in which the price of each product being offered would be based on how much we believe the customers within this region are willing to pay. Enilson’s Cafe intends to adopt the following pricing tactics for all/some of our product ranges. Competition based pricing would be adopted for the price of Coffee and Tea products. They would be based mostly on the price being offered by competitors in the market. Though ours would be priced slightly cheaper, it would still be brewed and prepared to high quality, with a good taste. Cost-Plus pricing would be adopted for those products such as Sandwich and Cakes that we have sourced from external vendors. If they have been bought at a wholesale price of ?1.50 each, then they may be priced at ?1.95 or ?2, depending on what competitors in the immediate vicinity charge. Lastly, market oriented pricing would be utilised for the food products sold during lunch break. We expect to attract a large number of low earners, and pricing our products appropriately would assist our strategy (Monroe, 2003). Sales Forecast The following is a weekly sales forecast for Enilson’s Cafe. A minimum of 200 coffees, tea, cappuccinos and soft drinks would be sold each weekday for an average price of ?1.50, less on weekends. 100 cakes, sandwiches and crisps would be sold daily for an average price of ?1.50, more on weekends. Table 1: Cafe Sales Forecast MonTueWedThurFriSatSunWeekly Drinks?300?300?300?300?300?200?200?1,900 Snacks?150?150?150?150?150?180?180?1,110 Food?150?150?150?150?150?250?250?1,250 Total ?4,260 Promotional Mix The major forms of advertising for Enilson’s Cafe would be in the form of in store displays, brochures and catalogues available to new comers to the store, and external banners. Full-page adverts would also be placed in the Yellow Pages, online and offline, while print ads in newspapers particularly indigenous to Ealing would be utilised. Personal selling would be utilised on all customers, especially new ones, in order to make them repeat customers. All staff would be taught how to provide the sort of service required for customers to come back frequently. Sales promotions would be conducted within the first month of opening the store. Free coffees and snacks could be offered to customers as a form of tie in to ensure their continued patronage. The major form of public relations to be conducted would be in local newspapers, an article that discusses our products, services and how we intend to please the local populace. The business would be launched during a public holiday. Most probably a bank holiday weekend or Muslim holiday when most residents would be out shopping or celebrating. 6.MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE As the business is being operated as a sole trade, it would be composed mainly of Enilson, as the store manager and owner. Other members of the management team would include a Cafe supervisor/Assistant Manager, who would supervise procurement of supplies and running of the store. The Staff Supervisor would supervise the rota and ensure that all staff are being friendly and offering the level of service expected. Store assistants would also be present and would be the company’s main point of contact with customers. They would receive orders and attend to each customer’s needs. Table 2: Sample Rota and Payroll 9am – 6pm 9am – 6pm 9am – 6pm 9am – 6pm 9am – 8pm 10am – 8pm 10am – 6pm Store Hours 9 9 9 9 11 10 8 65 Wage Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Weekly Wage Manager ?10 7 7 7 7 7 5 0 40 ?400 Asst Mngr ?8.50 0 7 8 9 0 8 8 40 ?340 Staff Supervisor ?7.50 8 8 0 0 8 8 8 40 ?300 Sales Assistant 1 ?6.50 5 5 0 0 5 5 0 20 ?130 Sales Assistant 2 ?6.50 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 20 ?130 Sales Assistant 3 ?6.50 8 8 8 8 0 8 0 40 ?260 Sales Assistant 4 ?6.50 5 5 0 0 5 5 0 20 ?130 Sales Assistant 5 ?6.50 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 20 ?130 Total Hours 240 ?1,820 7.FINANCE The start-up cost for Enilson’s cafe would be based on the price of the following facilities. The total startup cost for the venture would therefore be ?79,869, as illustrated in Table 3. Table 3: Start Up Cost. Source: Startups, 2010; Buycatering.com) FacilitiesForecast Price Facility Rent?30,000 Industrial Refrigerators?1,295 Dishwasher?1,275 Six Burner Range?1,899 Heated and Refrigerated Merchandisers?3,475 Microwave?300 Coffee/Cappuccino Machine?2,175 Domestic Food Appliances?3,450 Kitchen?9,500 Restroom?2,500 Furniture?9,000 Cafe Outfitting?15,000 Total?79,869 Table 4: Projected Profit and Loss 1 Year Revenue ?204,480 Cost of Sales ?80,741 Coffee ?18,240 Snacks ?32,501 Food ?30,000 Gross Profit ?123,739 Expenses Staff Salary -?68,640 Rent -?30,000 Maintenance -?6,000 Misc -?6,000 Net Profit ?13,099 The sales forecast depicted in Table 1 has been utilised for the projected profit and loss statement. All weekly forecast has been multiplied by 4 weeks in order to get the average forecast for one month (for the cash flow), then multiplied by 12 months. The cost of sales has been calculated based on projected cost of goods obtained from Startups (2010). The profit margin for coffee used was 80% that for Snacks was 40%, while the profit margin for good was 50%. The net profit for the first year is ?13,099. Table 5 is a representation of the forecast cash flow and breakeven analysis for the first year of business. The information presented above illustrates that Enilson’s cafe would make a profit of ?13,099 in the first year of business. The breakeven would be in the 9th month of the first year. Particularly, money back analysis illustrates that the company may not get its total investment of ?79,869 back within the first year. Most probably in the second year depending on how well the cafe is able to improve sales and profit. Table 5: Cash Flow Forecast (1 Year) Month 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Revenue ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 ?17,040 Cost of Sales ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 ?6,728 Coffee ?1,520.0 ?1,520 ?1,520 ?1,520 ?1,520 ?1,520 ?1,520 ?1,520 ?1,520 ?1,520 ?1,520 ?1,520 Snacks ?2,708.4 ?2,708 ?2,708 ?2,708 ?2,708 ?2,708 ?2,708 ?2,708 ?2,708 ?2,708 ?2,708 ?2,708 Food ?2,500.0 ?2,500 ?2,500 ?2,500 ?2,500 ?2,500 ?2,500 ?2,500 ?2,500 ?2,500 ?2,500 ?2,500 Gross Profit ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 ?10,311 Start-Up Cost -?49,869 Staff Salary -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 -?5,720 Rent -?30,000 Maintenance -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 Misc -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 -?500 Monthly Profit ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 ?3,591 Profit Cumulative -?30,000 -?26,408 -?22,816 -?19,225 -?15,633 -?12,042 -?8,450 -?4,858 -?1,267 ?2,324 ?5,916 ?9,507 ?13,099 Total Cumulative -?79,869 -?76,277 -?72,685 -?69,094 -?65,502 -?61,911 -?58,319 -?54,727 -?51,136 -?47,544 -?43,953 -?40,361 -?36,769 Start-up capital required: ?79,869. Operating capital required till breakeven: First month Expense = ?6,728 Total Capital Requirement = ?86,597, half of which is sought from bank. 8.REFLECTIVE ESSAY During the business plan writing session, we were all meant to work in teams of 2, wherein each team member would contribute equally towards the achievement of the eventual business plan. We were all meant to research a particular business idea, and come up with a plan through which we could secure funding from the bank. However, for unforeseen reasons, I was unable to join a team and had to do mine myself. The first business plan I wrote was on a Barbershop, and resulted in a fail. I was told I failed because I did not write a plan on a company within the hospitality sector. Most of us were meant to write on restaurants and hotels, and I wrote on a barbershop. Now that I think back towards that decision, I believe that I wrote it that way because I was unsure of the true requirements of the essay. I had difficulties coming up with a true hospitality company to start up a business with, thus deciding to go ahead with something I was pretty familiar with, the barbershop. Now that I had failed and had to choose another, I eventually chose a coffee shop cafe, after much deliberation. My decision regarding the coffee shop cafe and its location were of utmost significance to me, because if I truly did have the funds, that is what I would have invested in. The location did not have any immediate coffee shop and I thought that was something that neighbourhood needed. The decision to write a business plan left me initially confused because I had no idea on how to write one. We were provided with notes and guides on how to write it but I was still confused, and judging by the fact that I was meant to write mine myself when most of my classmates did theirs in groups, I felt left out and thought I was not going to make it. However I sought advice, and did all that was required of me, and eventually I have found that it is educating creating such a plan. My newfound skill in research on businesses makes me proud, as this is not something I could easily have boasted about previously. Also, it has taught me how to undertake financial analysis, especially using cash flow forecast in ascertaining how much a business is realistically going to make given its condition, location and potential. Which is satisfying. During future research, I wound endeavour to seek advice prior to commencing any project I am not sure about, that way I would not fail. 9.APPENDICES Appendix requirements such as start-up cost, list of suppliers, sales calculation, duty rotas, staffing and planning applications are already included in the main body of the business plan. a. Market Research Analysis The following market research analysis is based on Mintel’s (2009) report on Coffee Shops in UK. The rapid expansion amongst coffee shops has eroded their USP and significantly increased competition within the industry. Operators within the UK market are generally optimistic about the future growth of the coffee shop format. As a result of the economic recession, an increasing number of customers are resorting to eat indoors or take lunch to work to increase savings. Branding is increasingly becoming a prerequisite and a key factor for success within the industry. Ethical responsibility is increasingly becoming an issue amongst coffee shops that mainly source their produce internationally. There is huge competitive rivalry amongst competitors within the industry, with companies such as Starbucks, Pret A Manger, EAT, and Cafe Nero, leading other coffee brands. Barriers to entry within the industry are very low, anyone can open a coffee shop with little cost. Buyers have a high bargaining power due to the availability of a wide number of coffee shops within every neighbourhood, therefore coffee shops that have a premium price, without high quality products or effective branding may lose out. Within the UK, more than half of all adults visit coffee shops, although on a relatively infrequent basis, while per capital coffee consumption within the UK is much lower than in other countries, thereby giving room for growth. Cost issues such as overhead cost, coffee prices, staff costs and utility prices have all increased substantially in recent years. Growth within the population of 20 – 34 year olds, and that of ABC1 customers, should increase the demand and patronage in coffee shops. Coffee shop industry is relatively fragmented with a variety of shops operating in different geographical markets, citing high competition and potential for consolidation. The lack of differentiation, increased competition, premium perception and failure to engage customers are all seen as weaknesses within the Coffee Shop industry. However, there exists substantial growth potential, economy of scale to be achieved, wide product range to be utilised and brand equity to be built, all of which could substantially increase competitive advantage. b. FLOOR PLANS c. SAMPLE MENU AND DRINKS LIST Drinks Coffee ?1.80 Cappuccino ?2.50 Latte ?2.20 Carbonated Drinks ?1.00 Non Carbonated Drinks ?1.20 Water (75cl) ?0.75 Snacks Cake ?1.95 Muffin ?1.70 Sandwich ?2.50 Crisps ?0.50 Chocolate ?0.50 Food Mashed Potato and Chicken ?4.95 Rice and Chicken ?4.55 Fries and Chicken ?3.99 d. SAMPLE COSTINGS Average cost for products sold Drinks 80% Profit Coffee ?0.36 Cappuccino ?0.50 Latte ?0.44 Carbonated Drinks ?0.50 Non Carbonated Drinks ?0.60 Water (75cl) ?0.38 Snacks 40% Profit Cake ?1.17 Muffin ?1.02 Sandwich ?1.50 Crisps ?0.36 Chocolate ?0.30 Food 50% Profit Mashed Potato and Chicken ?2.48 Rice and Chicken ?2.28 Fries and Chicken ?2.00 Profit figures are obtained from Startups (2010), as described in the main text. e. OPENING TIMES Monday 09.00 – 18.00pm Tuesday 09.00 – 18.00pm Wednesday09.00 – 18.00pm Thursday09.00 – 18.00pm Friday 09.00 – 20.00pm Saturday10.00 – 20.00pm Sunday 10.00 – 18.00.pm BUSINESS LAUNCH POSTER 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY Business Link (2010) Price your product or service, www.businesslink.gov.uk, accessed: 21/05/10 Ealing (2010) Starting a food business; Ealing Demographics, www.ealing.gov.uk, accessed: 21/05/10 Google Maps (2010) Ealing Broadway, www.maps.google.co.uk, accessed: 21/05/10 Johnson, G., Scholes, K., and Whittington, R. (2008) Exploring Corporate Strategy, 8th edition. Prentice Hall Mintel (2009) Coffee Shops – UK – February 2009, www.mintel.com, accessed: 21/05/10 Monroe, K. B (2003) The Pricing Strategy Audit, Cambridge Strategy Publications, p4 Startups (2010) Starting a Coffee Shop, www.startups.co.uk, accessed: 21/05/10 Yesquote (2010) Restaurant Insurance and Cafe Insurance, www.yesquote.co.uk, accessed: 21/05/10 How to cite Free Business Plan: Restaurant, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

What It Means to Be a Porfessional Soldier free essay sample

The militaries of the world, especially the United States military, have a long and strong tradition of military structure that demands that those of lower ranks refer to their superiors in certain ways. If you do not know how to properly address superior officers, you can find yourself being reprimanded or, even worse, smoked (put through vigorous physical punishment). It can be a difficult habit to form, but once you get into the rhythm, it will come as second nature to you. However there may come a time in your military career where you find yourself in a position of leadership and you will have to give your subordinates a reputable example of what it means to be a professional soldier. Self-less service is the example of dealing with your subordinates putting there welfare ahead of yours to ensure that your unit or even squad run as smoothly as possible; the basic building block of selfless service is the commitment of each team member to go a little further, endure a little longer, and look a little closer to see how he or she can add to the effort. We will write a custom essay sample on What It Means to Be a Porfessional Soldier or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also important in being a professional soldier is the getting and keeping of ones military bearing. It encompasses his level of professionalism when dealing with others and his approach to military situations. Maintaining self-control and being accountable for actions is the mark of a soldier with good military bearing. Arguing with superiors, ignoring Army standards and permitting rule-breaking are not consistent with military bearing. Military bearing also comes in the discipline of others. A soldier with military bearing does not yell at subordinates; rather, she calmly instructs them and helps them rectify their mistakes. What is paramount in being a professional soldier is someone who knows their job. One of the main ways is knowing the standard; meeting what the Army standard is for completing a task is a definite way to do an exemplary job. What even more shows professionalism is exceeding the standard. Try to figure out how your position relates to the bigger picture. Once you know what is expected of you, be sure to meet all your production objectives and carry out your assignments on time. After you have learned to perform your work effectively, the next step is to perform above what is expected of you in order to progress within your job, whatever it may be. All in all the process of being a professional soldier includes taking the task of being a solider, and the standards that come with it, and living those on a daily basis, whether or not you are in uniform. Professionalism shows that you take your job and your title as solider seriously and want your fellow soldiers to do the same.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Teacher Metaphor Essay Example For Students

Teacher Metaphor Essay Darren Atwaroo27/07/10 96738500 Reflections: Identifying your teaching metaphor I am a heart and my students are the blood that flows through me. As they pass knowledge is pushed through them. I am a fisherfolk and my students are the fish. I try to nourish them by providing bait of different types if they accept it knowledge is obtained. These are just some the metaphors my colleagues’ used to describe themselves in the classroom. Our assignment today was to best describe a metaphor that describes us a teacher. We also identified which teaching orientations we practiced. I used the analogy of a football coach. Like a teacher, the coach tries to mould his players into successful and professional players. He encourages his players to set goals and identify ways in which to achieve them. He highlights personal development through team work and allows players to express themselves on the field by developing their special skills and talents. During our discussions we realised that our teaching metaphor is not cast in stone. We will write a custom essay on Teacher Metaphor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As you might consider yourself a gardener today and a drill master tomorrow. For me sometimes my teaching metaphor changes while teaching the same class. As unnecessary and loud disruptions begin, my soft and patient nature suddenly becomes hard and forceful. I am now considering weather or not this Jekyll and Hyde persona is helping my students to improve their growth or keeps boxed in. sure the noise is distracting, but what if I don’t stop them? What might happen after the laughing and singing? A discussion on the topic might begin. Some word, phrase or diagram that sir used might be interesting to them and they might start to talk about it. Through these interactions I feel that learning must be taking place. I should encourage this more in my classroom. My teaching methods were mainly aligned to the power oriented metaphor where I am in charge of the learning environment. Research has found children learn best through their interactions and experiences. Let them be involved in the process of learning, let them to some extent be responsible for shaping their own abilities- through the art of doing. I may now have to integrate an artist approach to my power metaphor. Time to be creative. I am thinking that learning takes place in stages. At the first stage you are given basic information. Only when the learning is able to master this basic information movement to a different stage becomes possible. It is like a stage process, building on knowledge at each stage as you move on. The teacher makes movement possible by being creative and allowing student think critically.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Trade Reform, Adjustment, and Growth

Trade Reform, Adjustment, and Growth The Focus of the Article Economic analysts compare and contrast the economic growth of one nation with another one with the objective of deriving plausible explanation of their contrasting growth performance and apply the robust findings as recommendations to the developing countries. The contrasting variable that the analysts have identified is the â€Å"openness to the international trade† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1547).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Trade Reform, Adjustment, and Growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is positive correlation between the open trade and the economic growth as empirically demonstrated in the developed countries. This finding has triggered trade reforms in the developing countries with the World Bank initiating and supporting the trade reforms through its Structural Adjustment Programme. The political will is necessary for proper implementation of the policies in tra de reforms given the rationale that â€Å"†¦there appears to be long term association between performance and openness and if an economy is presently relatively closed, then liberalization is a necessary bridge to becoming more open† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1547). Hence, one of the integral factors to openness is the liberalization of the trade. Different economic analysts have used different strategies and models to elucidate the impact of trade liberalization to the growth of the economy. The biggest challenge is the identification of the empirical model that will give robust evidence because liberalization is very controversial in the view of economic and trade reforms. The economic analysts can use one or multiple approaches in the identification of the trade liberalization. Policy accounts is the basic measure of identifying liberation in terms of the policies but it has a setback of poor implementation of policies thus require the back up from other measures. A relative price change is another measure that has a unit of trade regime bias, which can substitute trade liberalization with time. The output-based measure is very broad and can integrate more unnecessary indicators. Many economic analysts have failed to present the tangible dynamics of the liberalization because â€Å"†¦there are no straight forward indicators of liberalization. For these reason a number of analysts have used multiple criteria to identify liberation episodes, some formulaically some judgmentally† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1550).The use of multiple criteria approach gives a clear view of the liberalization intricacy. The Evidence The empirical evidences have proved that the economic growth depends on the liberalization, exports, and trade orientation. In the case of liberalization, the assessment and evaluation has been approached in two ways, amidst challenges such as pre-existing policies, other policy shifts, and the nature of the economy. Cross-cou ntry is the first approach that has been used by the inter alia World Bank and has two aspects of assessment: ‘with-without’ and ‘before-after.’Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assessment using ‘with-without’ entails taking of case and control studies of a sample of countries and doing comparative studies to ascertain whether there is significance difference in economic growth thus attributing to the trade reforms. ‘Before-after’ assessment is similar to the ‘with-without’ except that it has a range of time in terms of years before and after assessment. Time series is the second approach that uses economic parameters such as structural adjustment loans, investment, and exports in the analysis of liberation. These studies have confirmed that, â€Å"liberalization is a panacea; its result into a more rapid growth of exports, more rapid growth of real GDP †¦without serious transitional costs in unemployment, and †¦without significant effects on the government’s fiscal position† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1552). The ambiguity of the correlation between trade reforms and economic growth challenge the above conclusion that the liberation is a panacea of economic growth. The inconsistency and ambiguity of the results proving correlation of trade reforms and economic growth can be attributed to the over ambitious program design, low supply elasticity, and poor implementation of the programme and the use of varied measures and models. To find the consistent and robust results, varied measures of liberalization, large sample of countries and a standard core growth model was used. The results obtained show that â€Å"the growth enhancing effects of liberalization are unlikely to be instantaneous: a clear evidence of a J curve effect which is consistent across samp les and measures of liberalization† (Greenaway, Morgan Wright 1558). For the economic growth to be exponentially significant, it requires a long-term period of years. The Implications The studies of trade reforms and economic growth have empirically proved that liberalization and openness have long-term significant impact on the growth of the economy. The identification of factors that constitutes liberalization and assessment of liberalization impact on the economic growth has been so controversial and ambiguous. The ambiguity and controversy was due to the inconsistent results from different economic analysts that made it difficult to give conclusive results. The inconsistency of the results was attributed to the differing measures and models of evaluating and assessing liberalization. This study obtained robust and consistent results because it utilized variable liberalization measures and standard core growth model. The study have conclusively shown that the trade policie s and reforms necessary for economic growth are intricately linked to the openness, liberalization and other confounding factors such as communication, technology and transportation. Greenaway, David, Wyn Morgan and Peter, Wright. â€Å"Trade Reform, Adjustment andAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Trade Reform, Adjustment, and Growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Growth: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?† The Economic Journal 108 (1998): 1547-1561

Friday, November 22, 2019

3D Printing Technology for Computing Systems - myassignmenthelp

The 3D printing goal has been realized through integration of various technologies, materials, and emerging processes and tactics which make interaction with 3D printing ecosystem at times difficulty. Contrally to that, the technology has come with a lot more in terms of benefits more so to the manufacturing. To start with, production cost through 3D printing has been cut largely while overall production being increased and made easy. Profit maximization being the objective of any organization, 3D printing has been embraced by many manufacturing firms because of its role to ensuring that firms achieve this objective. The technology has also emerged with its disadvantages also, for instance considering that manufacturing 3D products was tiresome and technical to some extent, many people could occupy such a sector of production. Therefore, emergency of 3D printing led to unemployment. Different authors have had different reactions towards 3D printing technology which is normal as each of them express his own opinions. Some have reacted negatively towards the technology while others have expressed their satisfaction. However, both reactions have been embraced by the readers in accordance to their sense. In this paper we take a look at two authors, Mike Scott and Terry Wohlers and their opinions towards 3D technology Mike Scott, 2017, May. 3D Printing Will Change the Way We Make Things and Design Them In 2017. In  Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems  (pp. 497 508). Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikescott/2017/01/25/3d-printing-will-change-the-way-we-make-things-in-2017/#33dc4f6e310e In his opinion, Mike predicted 3D printing to have a big impact on the sector of artificial technology, because 3D printing had widened its scope from consumer side where its focus used to be to potential industries. He expresses the manner in which the technology would be advantageous by quoting a case scenario of 3D printed graphene, which would be able to make materials lighter than the atmospheric air but very strong. Such materials would be used to make lightweight products like aircraft and filtration devices which would create a room for saving fuel, costs and reduce emissions Mass production in industrial sector is another advantage he praised 3D printing technology with, he used case study of Dubai based startup, Cazza in this scenario which had reported to have the ability of printing 200m2 of concrete in a day. Therefore, the company could be able to establish structures at a faster rate than conventional methods could allow. Mike gave some examples of companies which had experience change under this technology, like Siemens which through the technology reported benefits on the sector of greenhouse gas emissions reduction, resource use reduction and reduction in time which could be taken in production previously. The company associated its past experience with the limitations of manufacturing process. Mike termed the main factor holding the progress of 3D printing as the risk-averse mindset of the designers. And which he saw as the reason as to why the technology has not been able to have firm bases in the manufacturing sector. One of the shortcomings of Mike’s insights in this journal was his tendency of pointing out mistakes and leaving them without a suggested solution. Considering that the important side of any problem is its solution, Mike could have suggested a solution to the factor of risk-averse mindset of the designers which he termed as the main drawback to the progress of 3D printing technology. Terry Wohlers, 2016, August. The 3D Printing Landscape: Then and Now. Designing brand identity: An essential guide for the whole branding team  (pp. 320 430). Available from: https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/tb/stories/news/26620 In this journal, Terry aimed at enlightening his readers on the history of 3D technology and its progress over the years. Terming this technology to slowly being appreciated and being embraced by different companies under manufacturing sector, he quoted some of the companies like GE, Airbus, Lima and Stryker which have specialized in producing metal parts useful in sectors like bridge construction. He also enlightened on the modern applications of 3D printing   like in soft and hard tissue print outs which are implanted on animals and human beings as well. He proceeds to give hope to people who accidentally face organ challenges in their lives that through this technology replacement of organs such as fingers, liver and kidney are possible. He foresees the future of electronics as bright under this technology. As through the technology handheld electronics will be 3D printed to conform to product shapes without having to design such products around circuit boards, and this would be a way of making work easier, courtesy of 3D printing technology. He also expresses his excitement towards 3D printing technology on its ability to produce digital inventories which enables companies to manufacture on demand. Although Terry managed to drive his point home on the 3D technology, his journal was too brief for any new reader in 3D printing technology to understand what the technology was all about. This limited the scope of his readers as a result, in that the only readers who could be able to benefit from his journal were the veterans under 3D printing technology. Expounding more on his ideas would be a huge milestone to filling the gap. Mike Scott, 2017, May. 3D Printing Will Change the Way We Make Things and Design Them   Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2017. In  Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Systems  (pp. 497 508). Available from:    https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikescott/2017/01/25/3d-printing-will-change-the-way-we-   make-things-in-2017/#33dc4f6e310e Terry Wohlers, 2016, August. The 3D Printing Landscape: Then and Now. Designing brand   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   identity: An essential guide for the whole branding team  (pp. 320 430). Available from:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/tb/stories/news/26620

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Aeronautical Science Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aeronautical Science Perspective - Essay Example Consequently, aircrafts roll to the right or left; and this is referred to as rolling. Ailerons tilt the wings in the required direction hence turns the aircraft. The elevator tilts down or up on a horizontal tail surface leading to an increased or decreased lift on the tail, this is known as pitching. An aircraft’s nose is tilted down or up from the pitching maneuver. When an aircraft rotates along its longitudinal axis (x-axis) then this motion is known as rolling while the maneuver is a roll. Control surfaces found on the aircraft’s wings know as ailerons initiate this rotation by deflecting differently (that is one trailing edge down and one trailing edge up) thus creating less lift on one wing, while more on the other. This net difference in lift establishes a rolling moment. Ailerons are hinged on the outer edge of the wings; they are movable and controllable from the cockpit via mechanical linkage. When lowered, aileron increases angle of attack on the wing hence increasing the lift; and vice versa. From these lifts, an aircraft rolls laterally around a longitudinal axis. During a pitch-up maneuver, an aircraft rotates about its lateral axis. A control surface known as stabilator or elevator situated near the rear of the aircraft gets deflected thus generating lift force that as a result of its moment arm (distance) from the aircraft’s center of gravity it produces a pitching moment. In most cases, an elevator is attached to a fixed (immovable) surface known horizontal stabilizer. The horizontal stabilizers acts as the feathers of an arrow that maintains an aircraft pointed at the right direction. Stabilator is a combination of both functions of the elevator and horizontal stabilizer. The stabilator is all-moving because it has no fixed portion. Elevator’s up positioning minimizes the camber of the elevator hence creating

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Evaluate. examine and compare the innovative capacities of the Islamic Research Paper

Evaluate. examine and compare the innovative capacities of the Islamic Republic of Iran and that of Angola - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, the result is a scholarship on political economy that is "now back to a more balanced emphasis on all three" (Schmidt, 15) ---notwithstanding the differences between American and British traditions in political economy (Maliniak and Tierney, 1). According to Maliniak and Tierney, the American school of political economy is positivist and empiricist while the British school is more explicitly normative and interpretative. A comparative political economy approach allows us to derive lessons useful for advancing knowledge and informing policy. We have this in mind as we study and compare the cases of Angola and the Islamic Republic of Iran. We choose the two countries because relatively little is known on the two countries. We apply our comparative political economy approach to Angola and the Islamic Republic, focusing on the role of political economy on national innovative capacity. Porter and Stern define national innovative capacity as the countries potential "to produce a stream of commercially relevant innovation" (5).1 They emphasize that national innovative capacity is a product of the countrys technological sophistication, number of scientific and technical labor force, investments, and policy choice.2 Viewed in this perspective, national innovative capacity is definitely an outcome of a political economy environment that promotes technological sophistication, size of scientific and technical l abor force, investments, and competition. Further, the Porter-Stern notion of national innovative capacity also emphasizes on the political and economic entities of countries (5) and, therefore, this constitutes another stress on a political economy perspective. In contrast, the political economy perspective on innovation of Cowhey and Aronson stresses on how a combination of technological innovation, market strategies, and political entrepreneurship shapes the global economy,

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Hammond Organ and the Leslie Speaker Essay Example for Free

Hammond Organ and the Leslie Speaker Essay Behind the Hammond organ is a man known as Laurens Hammond after whom the musical instrument is named. The Hammond organ is an electric organ that was invented in 1934. It was the work of Hammond Organ Company. The company originally made the instrument and sold it to churches. It was used as an alternative to the pipe organ used at that time in churches. The pipe organ was wind-driven. The new alternative was cost-effective. In the period between 1960 and 1970, the Hammond Organ became a standard keyboard and was popular in the playing of jazz, rock music, blues as well as gospel music (Laurens Hammond). Lauren Hammond, the man behind the Hammond Organ filed U. S. rights to manufacture a new kind of electrical musical instrument. His idea of an instrument could recreate the sound of a pipe organ. In the month of April 1935, his first invention was exposed to the public. Model A was also availed in June of the same year. Milt Herth used the instrument for playing his popular music live on WIND (AM) immediately upon its release. During World War II, the instrument was used by the military chapels in the US as well as the post theatres. It is therefore possible that the familiarity of the military with the organ could have contributed in making it popular in the period after the war (Laurens Hammond; Hammond organ history). For Hammond, creation of the organ was aimed at replacing the pipe organs with an affordable substitute in middle class residences. He also intended it as a gadget for radio broadcasting. The organ however began to be used by jazz musicians in the 1950s. Such musicians include Jimmy Smith. Its popularity in pop music led to its use in the British Radio 360 station. In that country, the organ was associated with ice rinks and elevator music. Later on, it became the organ popular with rock musicians Steve Winwood, Jon Lord and Keith Emerson in the 1960s and 1970s (Hammond organ history). The first Hammond organ that was made by Hammond Organ Company was operating on additive synthesis of waveforms that were got from harmonic series. The harmonic series were in turn made by mechanical tonewheels that rotate in front of electromagnet pickups. On the two keyboards are mounted some drawbars. The drawbars are slid in order to mix the element waveform ratios. Different models of the Hammond organ were produced but the Hammond B-3 organ model was and still is the most popular. The B-3 organ was for instance used towards the end of the 1960s and in the beginning of the 1970s for its overdriven sound. It was popular in progressive rock bands as well as blues rock. These earlier version has been used for a long time. This is despite the fact that the last electromechanical Hammond Organ came off the assembly in the middle of 1970 (Hammond organ history). After the electromagnetic organ, the musicians of the 1980s and 1990s started using other electronic and digital appliances to reproduce the sound which was produced by the Hammond Organ. This was solely because the classic Hammond Organ is relatively heavy and difficult to move from one place to another. This imitation was made easier by the digital signal processing and sampling technology in the years after 1990 and musicians could now copy the original Hammond sound (Edward). Most of the existing traditional organ fanatics prefer the Hammond tonewheels. Some of the popular models of this organ have tube amplifiers. In addition some of the most recent of the Hammond organ have a combination of tonewheel and solid amplifiers. The Hammond Organ Company is now the property of the Suzuki Company. Now Hammond Suzuki, the company manufactures digital organs which reproduce the sound of the tonewheel organ (Laurent Hammond). The Leslie Speaker On the other hand, the man behind the idea of the Leslie speaker is also the person after whom the instrument is named. His name is Donald Leslie. The Leslie Speaker is a special creation. It is an amplifier or loudspeaker that is often associated with Laurent Hammond’s Hammond organ. It is used by musicians to create special audio effects that make use of the Doppler effect. Together with the Hammond organ, the two are a popular ubiquitous component in most of the existing varieties of music. Like the Hammond Organ, the Leslie speaker’s production has also been taken over by the Suzuki Musical Instruments (Henricksen). At the beginning, the Hammond Organ Company refused to hire Don Leslie. Nevertheless, the man worked under a contract with the Hammond Company for some time. Don Leslie did some work for the local electric company replacing the old fifty cycle rotor tone generators. Instead of these, they put in place the sixty cycle units in the homes of customers. When it was first invented, the Leslie speaker was called the Vibratone. This was in 1941 about six years after the invention of the Hammond Organ. Vibratone was later adopted by the Fender Guitar Company when they manufactured a speaker system and effects unit which included a Leslie rotating speaker. Soon after Leslie sold the company under which he manufactured the Leslie speaker, Fender Company also adopted the name Leslie in 1965. At this time, even Fender had been bought by CBS and it was under CBS that Leslie’s company as well as Fender now operated. The name was therefore used, to be precise, by the CBS Company (Henricksen). The Leslie speaker was not advertised. Don Leslie demonstrated a prototype with Bob Mitchell near the Los Angeles city. The prototype was a rotating baffle put in a hole in a small closet that had a big speaker. It was in the closet near Don Leslie’s organ at home. Bob Mitchell was an organ player at the radio station KFI near Los Angeles. After the demonstration was made, Don Leslie was contracted to put in another similar prototype in the studios at the radio station where Bob worked. Only Bob Mitchell would be permitted to use this new installation. This awed Mitchell so much that he made attempts to copyright that speaker. This he did not succeed in though. After this, Mitchell was employed by the Mutual Broadcasting System as an organist. During his shows, Mitchell played the Hammond organ together with the Leslie speaker. From this, the exposure of the two inventions to the public was quick and guaranteed. From then, most of the organ players regardless of whether they were professional or part-time yearned for the sound created by these organs. In the jazz community for example, Jimmy Smith, the jazz organ player assisted in popularization of the sound among the artists of rock-roll in the years between 1950 and 1960 and even at the beginning of the 60s. At this time, the Leslie speaker had a height of more than sixty inches. It was referred to as the 30A. Don Leslie was inspired by this to manufacture more of the series founded by this 30A. He called the series Tall Boys or the 31 series. Later in the 50s, Don Leslie also made the 21H. These were meant for use in homes, smaller radio sound stages and venues for concerts. The first units were produced in 1941. From this time, the Leslie speaker was known under several different names. Such names as might be used to refer to the same speaker include Brittain Speakers, Hollywood Speakers and Crawford Speakers. In 1946 though, the speaker went back to its old known, the Leslie Vibratone. After seventeen years of rejection, the man behind the invention of the speaker offered the company for sale to Hammond. Don Leslie had waited for seventeen years to sell the company and after declaring hi interest in selling it again to Hammond, he waited thirty days. After this period, he still had not heard from Hammond. He retracted his offer (The Hammond organ history; Edward). In 1980, the Leslie name and the Electro Music were bought by the Hammond Corporation from their present owners, the CBS Company. It is now the property of Hammond under the company name Hammond Suzuki in USA (Edward). The Leslie speaker is used even to the present day and is actually very popular. In the present day, the Leslie parts can be got from various sources besides the fact that there are websites that offer plans which could help individual to construct the speaker. The sites have even posted photographic examples to guide one through the process. The modern Leslie speaker now has more enhanced speakers as well as electronics. Henricksen writes that the web even has a 500 W high performance model. In addition, the classic Leslie speaker has continued to be made and availed in the market. Similar effects can nevertheless be obtained through analogue electronic gadgets and digital imitation. The sound produced by the Leslie Speaker can be imitated by phase and chorus shifter instruments. In spite of this, nothing has the ability to copy the sound of the Leslie speaker that is heard in person. The imitation of the sound by some digital gadgets can however make distinction difficult (Henricksen). Conclusion The Hammond Company had also designed a set of speakers to work with the Hammond organ. However, most of the organ players have a preference for playing the Hammond via a rotating speaker cabinet. This speaker cabinet is what is known as the Leslie speaker after its inventor Donald Leslie and after many changes of names. (Donald Leslie lived between 1913 and 2004). This speaker system is an integrated combination of amplifiers where sound is produced after rotating a horn over a treble driver that is not moving. This is in addition to a rotating baffle as mentioned earlier which is placed under a non-moving bass woofer. The resulting characteristic sound is due to the pitch shifts that are in constant alteration made from the Doppler effect produced in turn by the moving sound sources. The original idea was to imitate the complicated tones and constantly altering sound sources originating from the big group of ranks in a pipe organ. From this initial organ, the effects were different depending on the rotor speed. The speed can be fastened between fast and slow by use of a console. The most characteristic effect is heard either when the speaker starts or stops rotating. Paul Di Matteo is known for the modifications he made to the Leslie cabinets. He replaced the original transducers with what is now a woofer of about 18 inches that has dual high frequency drivers well-liked for the high power stage applications. Reference: Edward, Peterson. â€Å"The rich history of the electric organ. † â€Å"Hammond Organ History. † http://thehammondorganstory. com/chapterxv. asp (30 April 2009). Henricksen, C. A. , â€Å"Unearthing the mysteries of the Leslie cabinet. † Recording Engineer/Producer magazine, April 1981. http://theatreorgans. com/hammond/faq/mystery/mystery. html (30 April 2009). â€Å"Laurens Hammond. Electrical Musical Instrument. U. S. Pat. No. 1956350. † http://www. google. com/patents? id=NUlkAAAAEBAJ (30 April 2009).

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Film Comparison- Shawshank Redemption VS Murder In The First :: essays research papers

COMPARISON Shawshank Redemption and Murder in the First are two eminently engaging films about corrupt prisons and issues such as brutality occurring within the walls. "The Shawshank Redemption" is a compelling film about two imprisoned convicted murderers. Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), is innocent, however. Convicted of killing his wife and her lover (a crime for which he clearly had a strong motive), he really "didn't do". Of course, as his jailbird friend "Red" (Morgan Freeman) puts it, "Everybody in here is innocent." Well, Red is "the only guilty man" in Shawshank Prison. As their friendship develops, Andy learns the ropes of prison. Meanwhile, the warden (Bob Gunton) decides that Andy, a well- educated former banker could carry out something more useful than laundry. So, he places Andy as the prison librarian, and later, as his an accountant (he does taxes for all the jail's employees). Andy also assists the warden in money scams (as he tells Red, "I was always an honest man - I had to come to jail to become a crook!") Murder in the First takes a more realistic scenario and engages at a more full on approach. Henri Young (Kevin Bacon), arrived in the prison of Alcatraz after stealing $5 from a food store to feed his young sister. Young's second mistake was an attempted escaped from the inescapable fortress, bringing public humiliation to the sadistic associate warden, Milton Glenn (Gary Oldman). In violation of the federal guidelines that mandate 19-day maximums for solitary confinement, Glenn orders three years of physical torture and isolation in a black dungeon five feet high. No light, no water. The broken, twisted man who emerges three years later immediately murders fellow inmate Rufus McCain, the informer who betrayed him, and is now on trial.Christian Slater portrays the young lawyer assigned to deal with the case as a learning experience, thus not expecting to win it. As the trial goes on, Slater proves to be more than a match. As you can see, both of the films presented good storylines. But it’s the acting, camera techniques and plotting that make them stand apart from each other. While Murder in the first, showing the true story of one who went through the horrible ordeal made a good story, the film didn’t shine as well as Shawshank Redemption as the extra efforts put in such as the originality makes it stand above the rest.

Monday, November 11, 2019

J Qubec

Should school uniforms be abolished? Against A uniform is a distinguishing symbol of a school and gives a sense of belonging to all the students who wear it * A uniform is a distinguishing mark of a school and gives a sense of belonging. * If dress is standardized, the wealthier students would have no scope to outdo the poorer ones. This prevents the development of inferior and resentful feelings among the less fortunate. * Some students inappropriately wear bold colors and daring fashion bordering on indecency. * Uniforms are inexpensive.They are usually chosen for their durability. * Students are equal with uniforms. * I think that school uniform shouldn't be banned in schools. * No, I don't think so. The reason for this is because if people wear different clothes (like some wear designer brands and others don't), it may cause bullying and discrimination. Also, schools uniforms help make students look equal which is good. Also, if you go on a school trip it's easier to recognize wh ich children belong to which school, so if they get lost someone can easily help them. * school uniforms must not be banned n the motion, should school uniforms be banned, i greatly disagree on that. That’s a very big shame on their side. School uniforms must not be banned because uniform is one of the sign which the school prepared for their students to be categorized by other peoples. We all know, that their parents are hard working for them to educate their children in school that requires uniform. we also have to think about them. Another one is, when a student’s wear their uniforms, it’s a sign of formality, because these uniforms are clothes that represent their school and success. * NONo i don't think school uniforms should be banned because some people can not afford much clothes and for students who have to where a school uniform they are lucky that they don't have i look for things to wear or worry about being teased because they don't have any new clo thes or anything. i think having a uniform is a good thing * If uniforms are forced upon students then why should the students have to pay? Going along with this idea, think of all the impoverished families out there who are spending all their money on giving their child a good education by sending them to private school, or a school that requires uniform.Do they really need their less fortunate children to be teased and bullies by the more fortunate children in school for their tattered or worn clothing that represents their parent's economic status? Uniforms help to make all the student body equal, especially in this day and age when even the youngest kids can be so spiteful and cold to their peers. * Parents Should Switch Schools If They Don't Like It Many private schools have uniform requirements and strict dress codes. If parents don't like their kids wearing uniforms, they can simply switch schools.This is America with the freedom to choose. The same is true for private school ing. No one has to attend one particular school over another. School uniforms shouldn't be banned whatsoever simply because it's a free world. * Shouldn't be banned.. When I was in school, I always thought the idea of school uniforms was silly. Now that I am older, I feel like this concept is a good idea. In public schools, there is such a wide variety of families from low income, to middle class, to wealthy. Unfortunately, in today's society, so many pay attention to their appearance.I think kids who's parents can't afford the name brand clothes begin to feel bad and have lower self esteem. If everyone has to dress the same, they have nothing to compare themselves to. * No, I believe school uniforms should not be banned because they create equality among students. I believe that school uniforms should be more widely used and not banned because it creates equality among children and takes away the status quo. By removing labels from clothing more than just the problem of inequality is prevented. It also solves many instances of bullying, parental stress, and childhood depression for starters.I believe all children deserve acceptance, and with school uniforms it gives them an advantage. Why take this advantage away? * For! * The adolescent is denied the freedom of choice which is the right of every individual. * It denies the adolescent the opportunity to use discretion, form judgements and exercise responsibility. * It is a form of regimentation not in accordance with democratic ideals. * Uniforms can be restrictive in times of climatic variation. * uniforms are horrible and expensive. I think they should be because uniforms are horrible and expensive.Uniforms are horrible. They are bland. Every day it's the same thing. Schools could have allocated days for uniforms. For example, going on an excursion, a check-up day or even a formal assembly. School uniforms usually cost a lot of money. A school jumper is probably one hundred dollars and the whole uniform is likely to be more than five hundred dollars. Children don't have to wear expensive clothes. If they're getting teased by their friends because they're not wearing designer clothes, they are not true friends and they can easily move away from the group.All my t-shirts are less than thirty dollars most of the time because I don't have a lot of money. I don't see anyone teasing me. * * They cause lack of expression in students. Do you express you through the way you dress? Most students do that's the only way some students can. Other students from other schools make fun of the school uniforms that some schools have. Witch causes trouble adjusting to being an adult. Witch affects a student or adult to stutter in day to day task * We all have a right to wear random clothing. Casual clothing expresses someone's fashion on how they can be.If you wear school uniform, you have to pay for it. It may cost about $20 or more then you may grow out of that size and you have to pay for it again and again. What a waste of money when you could be spending that money for something in great need, don't you agree with me? So that's why I think wearing school uniforms should be banned. * * We all have a right to wear random clothing. We all have a right to wear random clothing. Casual clothing expresses someone's fashion on how they can be. If you wear school uniform, you have to pay for it.It may cost about $20 or more then you may grow out of that size and you have to pay for it again and again. What a waste of money when you could be spending that money for something in great need, don't you agree with me? So that's why I think wearing school uniforms should be banned. * School Uniforms Send the Wrong Message While uniforms undeniable create some equality among students, they also give pupils the wrong idea. Uniforms are teaching kids that whenever they face diversity, the solution is to simply make everyone the same.This is a problem, especially since some differences, like rac e or size, cannot be changed. School uniforms should be banned because they give students the wrong idea. * * School uniform should not be compulsory at public schools Because people go to public schools to save money and uniforms and saving money it just puts you in dept for something you don't want to wear, which is a BIIIIIGGGG waste of money for something they don't enjoy wearing or look good in also some teachers don't like the uniform * * The belief that school uniforms give a sense of equality among students is only true to a certain extent.First, it only gives equality to students who are studying in the same school. Based on my personal experience, there is no equality at all when students from many different schools are gathered in one place. When this happens, one could see a lot of differences. Some are wearing the uniform of an obscure school, some are wearing the uniform of an average school, while some others are wearing the uniform of an elite school. By looking at t his alone, we do not need to be a neurosurgeon to see that equality is absent here. Biasness may even occur.People will certainly have better impressions towards those from elite schools. If those students are gathered in the room when they are wearing their own clothes, there won't be any difference as nobody knows where each one of them is studying. Therefore, impressions won't be formed based on the color of their uniforms anymore. Some students who are not in elite schools may even feel down when wearing the uniform, while some students in elite schools wear their uniform so proudly that they even wear it on public holidays. I have seen people from elite schools who are wearing their uniform on a Sunday) Also, school uniform won't be so effective in bridging the gap between the affluent students and the poorer students. There are other factors that have to be considered. For example, some students may bring expensive laptop computers to school to aid in their studies while some students are not even able to purchase a textbook. We could see the difference in them even though they are all wearing the same school uniform. *

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Long-term performance of IPOs: Evidence from Singapore Market

Introduction Stock markets are a key part of the capitalistic economic system as they bring together those in need of capital and those with surplus capital to invest. Initial public offerings of companies whose share capital had previously been privately held provides just such an opportunity. The IPO process entails due diligence and pricing by underwriters, after which they underwrite the issue and sell it to investors in the primary market. Following the IPO, the company’s shares trade in the secondary market until the company is shut down or is merged with another company or is acquired. In addition to IPOs, companies which are already public can also participate in capital raising by undertaking secondary stock offerings which investors can use as investment vehicles to increase returns on their portfolios. Traditional finance theory recommends individual investors to adopt a buy-and-hold strategy for investments in the stock market, since they are unable to time the market, and since the efficient market hypothesis suggests that all available information is immediately incorporated in stock prices. A question this raises is whether long-term buy-and-hold a profitable investment strategy in the initial public offerings (IPOs) asset class for individual investorsAccording to the bulk of literature on this subject, the answer is no. However, there are variations in the results depending upon how the comparison index is selected and what market is being studied. Investors may also be able to select a winning portfolio of buy-and-hold IPO investments if they are successfully able to predict what factors lead to strong or weak price performance in the IPO universe. This study attempts to collect previous research on the subject and apply the learning to the Singapore market. One objective wo uld be to identify ex-post which factors led to IPO success. Indirectly, it may help investors reduce risk and earn strong returns while devising ex-ante investment strategies as well. Organization First this study will review the existing literature on the subject and summarize its conclusions. Then it will use the statistical methods used by prominent studies such as Loughran and Ritter (1995) to calculate whether IPOs have underperformed the market in Singapore. The study will also collect what other papers have identified as sources of high performance within the universe of IPOs and see whether these results hold in IPOs in Singapore as well. Some of these factors include high percentage of institutional ownership, venture backing, industry and age of the company at IPO. Problem Statement Equity investors are constantly looking to maximize their risk-adjusted returns by investing in various asset classes in financial markets. The results from the literature lead to the conclusion that a strategy of buy-and-hold investments in IPOs underperforms the market on average. What would be interesting and useful would be to see whether a subset of IPOs can be identified where this result does not hold and where a different version of the strategy can be shown to produce a higher return for investors than the index or benchmark portfolio. Research Objectives The objective of the research is to study performance of Singapore listed IPOs using factors which have been identified in academic literature as having effect on IPO performance, including: percentage of institutional ownership venture backing reputation of the underwriter industry age of the company at IPO legal and institutional environment The ultimate objective is to see whether factors can be identified that lead to recommendation of alternative investment strategies which perform better than buy-and-hold of IPOs for a multiple year holding period. Proposal Structure IPOs listed on the Singapore stock exchange during the five year period of 2000 – 2004 would initially be identified. Subsequently, 3-year, 5-year and 10-year buy-and-hold returns of these portfolios would be calculated and compared to returns over the same period by a stock exchange index such as the Strait Times Index (STI). Another method for comparing results to market could be the selection and composition of a matching portfolio which would be used to compare underperformance or overperformance over the holding period. To create a matching portfolio, a similar sized public company that did not issue equity for five years prior to the IPO date would have to be selected for each IPO company. The return on the matching portfolio would be compared to the return on the IPO portfolio as per Loughran and Ritter (1995). It will be assumed that investors would purchase shares in the secondary market and none of them would be lucky enough to be allocated shares by the underwriter at the offering price. Literature Review Underperformance of IPOs relative to market indices has been studied extensively in academic literature. One series of articles examines the degree of underperformance of IPOs relative to market indices and asks what factors could cause such underperformance. Factors typically examined include size of the IPO, the company’s industry, whether the company is venture backed or not, the degree of institutional holdings, age of the company at IPO, quality of the underwriter and the institutional and legal environment of the company. Another string of literature looks at empirical evidence of underperformance in different markets, including the US, several European countries including Germany (Stehle, Ehrhardt & Przyborowsky, 2000), Switzerland and Greece and several developing Asian markets such as Malaysia, Taiwan and China. Most of these studies take time series data of IPOs during a given period of time. Then they look at nominal buy-and-hold returns over 3 or 5 years, typically without assuming any portfolio rebalancing, though as shown by Brav and Gompers (1997), the results hold even if portfolio rebalancing is introduced. The returns of individual IPOs are compared with results of an industry index such as S&P 500, Nasdaq or NYSE, or with an industry benchmark portfolio (value weighted or equally weighted). The typical pattern of IPO returns that emerges is the following: After a period of strong performance following an IPO, the stock starts to underperform the market index. This period of poor performance lasts for several years. The length of the period of initial strong performance lasts up to several months, depending on whether or not the stock market is in a bullish state. Ritter (1991) examines both underpricing of IPOs and their underperformance. Underpricing is a phenomenon in which investment banks taking a company public, and wanting to manage their own risk, keep offer price low in order to build a strong deal book and to keep market participants incentivized for participation in the offering. This is reflected in the fact that on average there is a 16.4% gain from the offering price to the closing price on the first day. In addition, the author believes the IPOs appear to be overpriced when 3-year IPO returns are compared to 3-year returns for comparable firms matched by size and industry. In a sample of 1526 common stock IPOs between 1975 and 1984, IPOs produced a return of 34.47% and seasoned offerings produced a return of 61.86%, 3-years after going public. Upon careful examination of the sample, the author concludes that the cause of the underperformance are those small IPOs that benefit in the short-run due to optimistic market conditions, but which are not able to establish themselves in the long-run. Loughran and Ritter (1995) find that all issues, both IPO and secondary, offered during 1970 to 1990 produced poor long-term returns for investors. Using a strategy of 5-year buy and hold investing would have produced a result of only 5% per annum for IPOs and 7% per annum for secondary offerings. The authors highlight an important observation for potential underperformance by secondary offerings (SEOs) – most public companies opt for secondary offerings following high return periods in the market; thus their subsequent underperformance may simply be linked to eventual reversion of returns to their long-term averages. In order to judge the performance of secondary offerings, for each issuing firm the study choose a non-issuing matching firm that is similar in size and has not issued equity in the previous 5 years. The authors calculate wealth relatives for each year as the ratio of end-of-period wealth from holding a portfolio of matching firms with the same starting market capitalization. The ratio is below 1 in most years indicating that investors would have been better off investing in buy-and-hold strategy in non-issuing firms. The authors conclude that it is not advisable for investors to invest in shares of companies issuing stock. Instead investors would be able to generate the same return with 44% less capital if they simply invested in similar size non-issuing companies for the same holding period. The results in Loughran and Ritter (1995) do not control for industry since it is often difficult to find matching companies in the industry which also share similar size. According to a study by Spiess and Afflect-Greaves (1995) nearly one-third of the long-run underperformance of secondary offerings comes from industry effect. Another potential explanation for why this happens is offered by Lerner (1994) – firms which are not yet ready to grow cashflows consistently sometimes take advantage of the IPO window during bull markets and other periods of market exuberance, only to then suffer from poor market performance when cashflows do not keep pace with market expectations (Clark, 2002; Ljungqvist, Nanda & Singh, 2006). If long-term IPO returns are infact so dismal, why do investors keep buying IPOs during all market cyclesAn insight into the solution is provided by Field (1995). The author analyzes the impact of the extent of institutional shareholding on long-term IPO performance and concludes that IPO having large holdings by institutions earn significantly higher long-term returns than those with low institutional holdings. Institutional holdings also differ substantially between industries. In fact, the latter category often fails to achieve even the risk-free rate of return available to bondholders. The author concludes that there are groups of IPOs which do not experience poor long-term performance, though they may be identifiable ex-ante. Other authors also identify factors that can lead groups of IPOs to have relatively strong performance. For example, Michaely and Shaw (1994) identify reputation of underwriter as one of the factors that is directly related to IPO return. Brav and Gompers (1997) find that venture backed IPOs outperformed non-venture backed IPOs significantly. The 5-year buy-and-hold return for venture backed IPOs was 44.6% while the equivalent figure for non-venture backed IPOs was 22.5%. These results were calculated based on equally weighting of components in an index, whereas if the index is value weighted then these differences are significantly reduced. The authors believe that their results might have inspired by the fact that venture backed companies tend to be those which are in growth industries and are at an early stage of their development cycle. Such companies are likely to have many good investment opportunities. The authors also find that underperformance resides primarily in small, non -venture backed IPOs. Qualitatively similar results are also provided by Bessler and Seim (2011) who study European venture backed IPOs. Turning to the second string of literature which deals with tests of IPO underperformance in different geographies, it appears that this phenomenon holds in both developed and less developed markets. While, the original hypothesis was formulated for the U.S. market, it holds to various degrees in most markets. Thomadakis, Nounis and Gounopoulous (2012) study performance of 254 IPOs during the 1994 – 2002 period. They find that the period of initial overperformance in Greece lasts longer than it does in western markets. While IPOs outperform the market in the first two years, by the third year underperformance sets in. The authors attribute this to longer ‘hot’ periods in the Greek market than in more developed western markets. In a study on the same subject in Taiwan, Wen and Cao (2013) find that IPOs perform as well as matching reference portfolios in the first year of trading and then start to underperform that portfolio. Drobetz, Kammerman and Walchli (2005) examine the same in the Swiss market. They find that while underperformance holds, it is much weaker than is suggested by equivalent tests from the US market. Chan, Wei and Wang (2001) find practically no underperformance of class A and B shares, though there is significantly higher underpricing of Class A shares compared to other markets. In another study on the Chinese stock market, Chi and Padgett (2002) find strong performance of Chinese Privatization IPOs, which the authors attribute to government ownership, offering size and belonging to the high tech industry. Reference List Ahmad?Zaluki, N. A., Campbell, K., & Goodacre, A. 2007. The long run share price performance of Malaysian initial public offerings (IPOs). Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 34(1?2), 78-110. Bessler, W., & Seim, M. 2011. European Venture-backed IPOs: An Empirical Analysis. Brav, A., & Gompers, P. A. 1997. Myth or RealityThe Long?Run Underperformance of Initial Public Offerings: Evidence from Venture and Nonventure Capital?Backed Companies. The Journal of Finance, 52(5), 1791-1821. Chan, K., Wang, J., & Wei, K. C. 2004. Underpricing and long-term performance of IPOs in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 10(3), 409-430. Chi, J., & Padgett, C. 2005. The performance and long-run characteristics of the Chinese IPO Market. Pacific Economic Review, 10(4), 451-469. Clark, D. T. 2002. A Study of the Relationship Between Firm Age?at?IPO and Aftermarket Stock Performance. Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments,11(4), 385-400. Drobetz, W., Kammermann, M., & Walchli, U. 2005. Long-Term Performance of Initial Public Offerings: The Evidence for Switzerland. Schmalenbach Business Review, 57, 253-275. Espenlaub, S., Gregory, A., & Tonks, I. 2000. Re?assessing the long?term underperformance of UK Initial Public Offerings. European Financial Management, 6(3), 319-342. Field, L. C. 1995. Is institutional investment in initial public offerings related to long-run performance of these firmsFinance. Lerner, J. 1994. Venture capitalists and the decision to go public. Journal of Financial Economics 35, 293 – 316. Ljungqvist, A., Nanda, V., & Singh, R. 2006. Hot Markets, Investor Sentiment, and IPO Pricing*. The Journal of Business, 79(4), 1667-1702. Loughran, T., & Ritter, J. R. 1995. The new issues puzzle. The Journal of Finance, 50(1), 23-51. Michaely, R., & Shaw, W. H. 1994. The pricing of initial public offerings: Tests of adverse-selection and signaling theories. Review of Financial studies, 7(2), 279-319. Ritter, J. R. 1991. The long?run performance of initial public offerings. The journal of finance, 46(1), 3-27. Ritter, J. R. 2003. Differences between European and American IPO markets. European Financial Management, 9(4), 421-434. Schultz, P. 2003. Pseudo market timing and the long?run underperformance of IPOs. the Journal of Finance, 58(2), 483-518. Spiess, D. K., & Affleck-Graves, J. 1995. Underperformance in long-run stock returns following seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Financial Economics, 38(3), 243-267. Stehle, R., Ehrhardt, O., & Przyborowsky, R. 2000. Long?run stock performance of German initial public offerings and seasoned equity issues.European Financial Management, 6(2), 173-196. Teoh, S. H., Welch, I., & Wong, T. J. 1998. Earnings management and the long?run market performance of initial public offerings. The Journal of Finance, 53(6), 1935-1974. Thomadakis, S., Nounis, C., & Gounopoulos, D. 2012. Long?term Performance of Greek IPOs. European Financial Management, 18(1), 117-141. Wen, Y. F., & Cao, M. H. 2013. Short-run and long-run performance of IPOs: evidence from Taiwan stock market. Finance and Accounting, 1(2), 32-40.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

WRITING FOR SMALL INDIE PUBLISHERS

WRITING FOR SMALL INDIE PUBLISHERS Between the behemoth Big Six and the self-publishing path is a plethora of other markets seeking quality fiction. Some small indie publishers have even seen their authors rise to the top of the New York Times, USA Today, and Kindle bestseller lists, with books available in bookstores nationwide. Yet chatter in the industry rarely discusses theses successes. These smaller, independent publishers produce a wide range of genres from nonfiction to science fiction to erotica. Many publish only in electronic format, but many also produce paperback, hardback, and audiobook versions. They tend to have less restrictive contracts, higher royalties, and are more willing to take cross-genre, experimental or hard to define works. They offer professional editing, cover art, and many even provide regular promotion or easy access to promotional outlets for their authors. Advantages of Small Presses: While they usually cater to a niche market, small presses often allow a great deal of freedom within that market. Also, indie niche markets are often ones the bigger publishers don’t focus on at all due to smaller readership. So if you have a difficult to categorize book that combines urban fantasy, speculative fiction and erotica, for example, a smaller publisher might snap it up. Many small presses pay royalties monthly, so you get your money more quickly and more regularly than you might from a publisher following a traditional model. Most pay royalties from 30% to 50% on e-book sales- considerably higher than the Big Six publishers offer. Disadvantages: Most small Indies don’t pay advances. Those that do generally offer very small ones- a few hundred dollars rather than a few thousand. However, this is often offset These presses are small. In many cases, youll be looking at selling hundreds of copies rather than thousands. But in most cases your book will take off more quickly than if you self publish, because a small press has a built-in group of loyal readers who will buy anything the company publishes. Breaking In: As with any publisher, lead with your best work. Indie pubs are not in the business of buying that early piece thats been rejected Follow submission guidelines. These can include genre, word count, formatting, whether or not simultaneous submissions are allowed, and sometimes, specific requirements within the genre. Again, I see many submissions where the author obviously didnt take to time to read the guidelines and has sent material that doesnt fit the publishers needs. Some Small Press Markets: Samhain Publishing Romance, urban fantasy, horror, retro romance Eggplant Literary Productions Speculative fiction Etopia Press Urban fantasy, science fiction, fantasy, horror, literary fiction Musa Publishing A variety of genres including speculative fiction, romance, historical, mystery and young adult Noble Romance Various romance subgenres Changeling Press Erotica

Monday, November 4, 2019

Study Case (Misrepresentation) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Study Case (Misrepresentation) - Essay Example At that time, Najbar initially charged a claim for recompense with the Postal Service but her claim was initially denied by the Postal Service. Afterwards she brought this case against the federal government. Later on in this case, two exceptions were discussed i.e. The Postal-Matter Exception and The Misrepresentation Exception. The postal matter exception was rejected and court gets agreed on the second exception i.e. the misrepresentation exception. In the misrepresentation exception, the government argues straightforwardly that 28 U.S.C.  § 2680(h) neglects the claim of Najbar. But Najbar on these government argument alleged that she suffered psychological damages when she received letter with â€Å"deceased† stamp which by some manner tell her that,† Your son has died.† This type of wrong information that a person who is alive and saying that person was dead makes misrepresentation and according to Najbar the government fall under  § 2680(h). She raises 2 arguments; firstly she said her argument is grounded on "actionable negligence [that] occurred at an operational level before the envelope was stamped DECEASED.† Secondly she claims that if the argument raised by her comes under any type of misrepresentation then that misrepresentation doesn’t fall under  § 2680(h). However, both of her claims were rejected by the Court. Though her first claim was right related misrepresentation exception that it "does not bar negligence actions which focus not on the Governments failure to use due care in communicating information, but rather on the Governments breach of a different duty.† Despite that such principle doesn’t help the claim of Najbar as her activities based forthrightly on "the Governments failure to use due care in c ommunicating information." In addition to this Najbar raised further argument related to the misrepresentation

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Research paper on hamlet Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Paper on hamlet - Research Proposal Example I am interested in the aspect of delay in action by Hamlet. Hamlet’s delay is interpreted with many reasons. After reading the play more than twice, I also found many interpretations for delay in action by Hamlet. I have also read certain articles that I found to be helpful for my research work. I do not want to include psychological reading of the play related to Oedipus complex as it is a full-fledged topic in its own. I have read the articles that I will also attach with the research and after reading them, I read the whole play again which was really helpful in obtainment of ideas related to the research proposal. Hamlet’s procrastination and delay can be seen as a result of his moral scruples and conscience; his delay can also be a result of his moral repulsiveness; his delay is also an outcome of his deepened melancholy and lastly, his delay can be a result of his over examination and speculation of the whole situation. When Hamlet gets the news of his father’s murder by his father’s ghost, he ponders over the situation and tries to judge the accuracy of the ghost’s revelation and even after having knowing that the ghost’s revelation is true, he is indecisive and irresolute. He delays his action and there are no chances of his revenging if the luck has not pressurized him to move forward and to kill his father’s murderer. Hamlet kills his father’s murderer but he kills him as he has no other option. Claudius tries to murder Hamlet twice and his second attempt is fruitful. Hamlet gets killed but he is successful to take his revenge. Hamlet is depressed and worried after his father’s sudden death and his mother’s marriage is an additional source of depression for Hamlet. In this depressed and melancholic state, he gets the news of his father’s being murdered by Claudius, his mother’s second husband. His melancholy is deepened. He is unable to